Your internet is slow, but you don’t know why. Could bandwidth and latency be a factor? Learn more about these tech terms and know about the Difference between bandwidth and latency.

If you’ve been trying to figure out “Why is my internet so slow?” recently, you’ve probably stumbled upon a few tech terms, like download speed, upload speed, bandwidth and latency.

While it is important to understand download vs. upload speed when it comes to slow internet, you also need to know the difference between bandwidth and latency.

Understanding bandwidth and latency

Before we get started explaining the difference between bandwidth and latency and why they’re important, let’s define these terms.

What is bandwidth?

Bandwidth is the maximum amount of data that your internet service provider can transfer from one point to another. The two components of bandwidth are your download speed and upload speed, which are measured in megabits per second, or Mbps. Think of bandwidth as a pipe — the wider it is, the more data that can be transferred at one time.

What is latency?

Latency refers to the amount of time it takes for data to travel from one point to another. You may also hear latency referred to as “ping” during a speed test. Your latency, or ping time, is usually measured as milliseconds, or ms. Using our pipe analogy, think of latency as the water pressure, or how quickly data is moving through the pipe.

So, what’s the difference?

The difference between bandwidth and latency comes down to what they are measuring. Bandwidth looks at the amount of data being transferred while latency looks at the amount of time it takes data to transfer.

These two terms come together as throughput, which refers to the amount of data that is being transferred over a set period of time. If you have high bandwidth and low latency, then you have a greater throughput because more data is being transferred faster.

Why do bandwidth and latency matter?

For more casual internet users, bandwidth and latency may not be as important for everyday tasks. However, when it comes to certain internet activities that require both downloading and uploading data — such as playing video games, streaming movies and music or video chatting — then your throughput is more important.

What to do about low bandwidth or high latency

If you suspect your network is not performing optimally due to low bandwidth or high latency, you might want to do some investigating.

First, run a speed test to get your download speed, upload speed and ping. Run the test multiple times throughout the day over both an ethernet cord and Wi-Fi connection as well as with and without devices connected.

Keep note of each result. In general, the download and upload speeds of your internet connection using an ethernet cord should be within 80% of your advertised speeds. For latency, anything under 100 ms is fine; however, if you do play video games, stream or video chat, you’ll want a latency of less than 50 ms.

Running multiple tests can help you identify the problem. For instance, if you notice that your connection is slower at night, it may be a result of using the internet during “rush hour” when everyone else is as well. Cable internet users share bandwidth with every other user on the network, so this is a common culprit. If your connection is otherwise fine except when you’re streaming, then your ISP may be throttling your internet.

Next, take a look at your modem and router. If the software is out of date or your hardware hasn’t been upgraded in a few years, it may simply be a case that your modem and router can’t handle your bandwidth. If you rent equipment from your ISP, call to ask about any upgrades, or consider purchasing your own modem and router.